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USE
1 Completed Action Before Something in Past

The Past
Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another
action in the past. It can also show that something happened before
a specific time in the past.
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USE 2
Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-continuous Verbs)

With
Non-progressive Verbs and some non-progressive uses of Mixed Verbs,
we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past
and continued up until another action in the past.
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IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past
Perfect

Unlike the
Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or
phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is
usually not necessary.
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ACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Past
Perfect
EXAMPLES
Tom had repaired many cars before he
received his mechanics license.
ACTIVE
Many cars had been repaired by Tom
before he received his mechanics license.
PASSIVE
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Past
Perfect Exercises